2023 NEC Code Requirements for GFCI Outlets

October 23, 2023

The National Electrical Code (NEC) announced multiple updates for GFCI protection in residential and commercial buildings for this year, setting an elevated standard for electrical safety. The 2023 NEC code changes include several additions, expansions and updates to the way that GFCI protection is installed indoors and outdoors.

While this information is most impactful for electrical contractors and engineers installing receptacles, homeowners can benefit from understanding the new code to maintain safety with their current outlets.

What is NEC code?

With its first iteration in 1897, the National Electrical Code was established as the standard for electrical safety in residential, commercial and industrial spaces, and remains a top authority on the latest trends and guidelines to this day. Every three years, the National Fire Protection Association works with active professionals to review and modernize the code.

The National Electrical Code is mandated by local and state governments throughout the United States, and individual states are allowed to make amendments or exemptions to parts of the code. Federal, state, county and municipal governments have their own iteration of the NEC, and it’s important to stay compliant with local code.

2023 NEC Code Changes for GFCI Outlets

While the 2023 NEC Code includes various changes related to AFCI protection, surge protection, and more, GFCI protection updates most directly impact residential electrical systems. Listed below are a few highlighted updates to GFCI protection.

GFCI protection is now required for all receptacles installed in kitchens. Traditionally, this requirement applied only to kitchen countertop receptacles, but now any cord-and-plug connection points in the kitchen (such as refrigerator receptacles, disposal receptacles and microwave receptacles) now require GFCI protection.
Internal receptacles are not required to have GFCI protection in bathroom exhaust fans, unless specified by the manufacturer’s instructions.
GFCI-protected receptacles are required in areas with sinks and permanent provisions for cooking or food and beverage preparation, such as office break rooms.
GFCI protection is required on branch circuits or outlets for electric ranges, wall-mounted ovens, counter-mounted cooking units, microwave ovens as well as clothes dryers.
GFCI protection is required for outdoor outlets rated 50 amp or less in garages and for outlets rated not over 150 volt to ground, 50 amp or less in accessory buildings and boathouses.
GFCI protection is required for all receptacles rated 60 amp or less within 20 feet of a swimming pool wall. There must also be GFCI protection for:
Equipment installed between 5-10 feet horizontally from the inside walls of a pool.
Luminaires, lighting outlets and ceiling fans between 5-10 feet horizontally from the inside walls of a pool and not less than 5 feet above the maximum water level.

What is a GFCI Outlet?

GFCI Outlets are commonly used in today’s homes to help protect individuals against electrocution. GFCI, or ground fault circuit interrupter, features sensors to detect electrical surges and immediately cut off the power.

There are three types of GFCI outlets, each of which has its own purpose and application in a specific setting.

GFCI receptacle: Most common type of GFCI application, which features a test and reset button, and is used to protect a single outlet.
Circuit breaker devices: Engineered to protect an entire circuit, typically installed in a service panel.
Portable GFCIs: Used in an electrical outlet without ground fault protection for applications with high-powered machinery or tools.

Where are GFCI Outlets Required?

Generally installed in areas near water or potential moisture, GFCI outlets are commonly used in kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, garages, unfinished basements, or outdoor spaces, as required by the NEC.

How do GFCI Outlets Work?

A GFCI outlet monitors the flow of electricity through a circuit and has an internal sensor that will cut off the power supply if it detects a potential risk of electric shock. GFCIs are engineered to be highly sensitive to detect a difference in current in excess of 4-6 milliamps. Once detected, the outlet will trip power in an instant, protecting against electrical shock or fire.

GFCI Outlet Troubleshooting

Testing GFCI Outlets: Plug in a device and push the TEST button. If it works properly, the device should not turn off, confirming there is no electrical current. It is recommended to test your outlets monthly.
Resetting GFCI Outlets: In case of a trip or test, the RESET button is intended to return power to the outlet.
Self-testing GFCI Outlets: Many modern receptacles feature self-testing capabilities such as an indicator light or alarm to alert of a potential problem.
When to Call an Electrician: If the test button or indicator light is not working, contact an electrician to inspect and replace the receptacle. While it’s possible to replace an electrical outlet yourself, always call a professional if you’re unsure.

NEC Compliance Updates and GFCI Safety Reminders

Since the invention of GFCI outlets in residential applications, the chance of electrocution and harm has decreased significantly. As electrical safety continues to evolve, it’s important to prioritize safety and code compliance when dealing with electrical installations.

Staying up to date with NEC compliance during installation and regularly testing GFCI outlets are integral to protecting yourself and your loved ones. Learn more about Legrand’s industry-leading GFCI outlets and receptacles, including solutions from the adorne® and radiant® Collections.